Network Theory in Engineering Project Management: A Review of Graph-Based Models for Optimization

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive narrative review of network theory's application in engineering project management, with a focus on graph-based models for optimization. Network theory, particularly through models such as the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), has been widely adopted in project management to optimize schedules, resource allocation, and risk management. The review synthesizes existing literature, examining the theoretical foundations, practical applications, and challenges associated with these models. The analysis reveals that while CPM and PERT remain valuable, they face limitations in addressing the complexities and uncertainties of modern projects. The review also identifies emerging trends, such as the integration of artificial intelligence and digital twins, which hold promise for enhancing the effectiveness of network-based project management techniques. The article concludes by highlighting research gaps and offering practical recommendations for advancing the application of network theory in engineering project management.