Topology Optimization in Engineering Design: Computational Methods and Practical Applications

Abstract

Topology optimization has emerged as a critical tool in engineering design, enabling the creation of highly efficient and innovative structures across various industries. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current state of topology optimization, focusing on its computational methods and practical applications in engineering design. The article discusses the foundational role of the Finite Element Method (FEM) in topology optimization and explores the distinctions between gradient-based and gradient-free optimization methods. It also delves into recent advancements in multi-scale and multi-physics topology optimization, which represent the cutting edge of research in this field. The practical applications of topology optimization are examined in detail, with specific focus on its impact in aerospace, automotive, civil, and biomedical engineering, as well as in the energy sector. The review highlights how topology optimization has revolutionized design practices by reducing material usage, enhancing structural performance, and enabling the development of innovative solutions across diverse engineering challenges. Finally, the article identifies key areas for future research, including the integration of topology optimization with emerging manufacturing technologies and the development of more efficient computational methods. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners, providing insights into both the current applications and the future potential of topology optimization in engineering design.